Part 2- ADHD Truth: The REAL REASONS Your ADHD Symptoms Are Not Linked to Forgetfulness
In the first part of this series, we addressed how when learning new information, if any crucial part of working memory fails, then we will not be able to recall this information later. We can’t call it forgetting, if it’s something we never put into our long-term memories successfully.
Working memory is associated with executive functioning (EF), and is often impaired with people with ADHD. The first step of working memory is sensory input, meaning taking in new information. This is accomplished through the use of all of our senses and can include information we sense from our environment. Rather than say, this is the only stage that incorporates sensory learning, some research has suggested sensory learning occurs throughout all types of memory, and when used intentionally, can improve both learning and recall (The Senses, 2024.) With working memory, it has been proposed that retrieval of information is best accomplished when an individuals’ preferences for sensory learning are considered. This same research has suggested most people have one or two primary sensory learning styles (From the ADHD Experts at The Teacher’s Guide to Learning Styles (n.d.).)
Based on my own individual experiences and experiences of working with other patients, both with and without ADHD, people not only incorporate sensory learning throughout working memory, but they also have individual preferences for sensory-based learning in each of the working memory stages. Through the use of mindfulness in learning, people with ADHD can improve being intentional about their learning, while focusing on the moment, and being non-judgmental about their performance when learning new information.
The Role of Sensory Input in Memory Retention
One of the fascinating aspects of how our brains work is the role that sensory information plays in memory retention. It's something I've observed both in myself and in others: the need for specific types of sensory input at each stage of working memory to effectively learn and recall information.
A Multisensory Approach to Learning
Take, for example, the task of remembering directions to a new location. For me, it's not enough to simply hear or read the directions. I need a combination of sensory inputs to truly grasp and retain the information:
Auditory Input: Hearing the directions spoken out loud helps me start processing the information. This might be from someone giving me the directions or listening to them via a GPS.
Visual Information: I need to see the directions, either in text form or as a map. The visual element helps solidify the sequence of steps in my mind.
Kinesthetic Movement: Writing down the directions by hand is crucial. The act of physically writing helps reinforce the information, engaging my motor skills and creating a stronger memory trace.
Repetition and Review: Repeating the directions, whether out loud or mentally, allows for further reinforcement. This repetition is key in moving the information from short-term to long-term memory.
Active Navigation: Finally, I need to physically navigate to the location. The act of walking or driving the route myself, ideally several times, cements the directions in my memory.
If any of these components are missing, there's a good chance I'll struggle to recall the directions later, potentially leading to getting lost.
The Misconception About Forgetting
It's important to clarify that getting lost isn't necessarily about forgetting the directions. To forget something, you first need to have successfully learned it and stored it in your long-term memory. The real issue, in this case, is whether the directions were ever fully encoded into long-term memory in the first place.
For instance, if after a delay of just two minutes, I'm unable to recall the directions, it's likely that the information never made it past my working memory. This points to the necessity of having the right sensory inputs and reinforcement strategies to truly learn and remember new information.
Conclusion
Our brains are complex, and the way we process and retain information varies from person to person. Understanding the sensory inputs that best support your memory can be a game-changer in how effectively you learn and recall information. For me, it’s all about engaging multiple senses—auditory, visual, and kinesthetic—combined with repetition and hands-on experience. By recognizing and catering to these needs, you can enhance your learning and minimize the chances of getting lost, both literally and figuratively.
References
From the ADHD Experts at the Teacher’s Guide to Learning Styles (n.d.). Retrieved from: Learning Styles: The Teacher's Guide to ADHD Students (additudemag.com)
The Senses. (2024.). Harvard Medicine Magazine.